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Twelve M1895 weapons were mounted on M1918 railway carriages (based on the French Batignolles mount) by mid-1919 it is unclear if any more were eventually mounted. Among the weapons available were 45 12-inch guns, to be removed from fixed defenses or taken from spares. Railway mounting Īfter the American entry into World War I, the army recognized the need for large-caliber railway guns for use on the Western Front. The defenses of the Philippines on islands in Manila Bay were built under this program. The seacoast forts were funded under the Spooner Act of 1902 and construction began within a few years and lasted into the 1920s. Taft recommended technical changes, such as more searchlights, electrification, and, in some cases, less guns in particular fortifications. A new Board of Fortifications, under President Theodore Roosevelt's secretary of war, William Taft, was convened in 1905. 115–211.Īfter the Spanish–American War, the government wanted to protect American seaports in the event of war, and also protect newly gained territory, such as the Philippines and Cuba, from enemy attack. Lohrer, United States Army, Ordnance Dept, 1904, pp.
Fishers island arma manual#
Detailed parts lists for the M1888 weapon and supporting equipment are in the Ordnance supply manual by George L.
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Detailed descriptions of the M1888 weapon, disappearing carriage, and gun lift carriage are in the US Army's Artillery circular 1893, pp. Eventually, the guns were mounted on M1896, M1897, or M1901 disappearing carriages designed by Bethlehem Steel when the gun was fired, it dropped behind a concrete or earthen wall for protection from counter-battery fire. The M1897 carriage was actually an "altered gun lift" carriage, functionally equivalent to the barbette carriage. When this proved to be too complex, guns were mounted on low-angle M1892 or M1897 barbette carriages. Only one battery of this type was built, Battery Potter at Fort Hancock, New Jersey. One alternative was the M1891 gun lift carriage, with the gun mounted on a large steam-powered elevator. For several years, difficulties were encountered in building a disappearing carriage for the 12-inch gun. Watervliet Arsenal designed the gun and built the barrels. Almost all of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped during and after World War II.Ī coastal defense 12-inch gun on an M1895 disappearing carriage, showing raised and lowered positions. From 1919, 19 long-range two-gun batteries were built using the M1895 on an M1917 long-range barbette carriage. Most were installed on disappearing carriages, with early installations on low-angle barbette mountings. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. The 12-inch coastal defense gun M1895 (305 mm) and its variants the M1888 and M1900 were large coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 18. M1891 gun lift, M1892 or M1897 barbette, M1896, M1897 or M1901 disappearing, M1917 long-range barbette from 1920 ĭisappearing: 170° (varied with emplacement), Watervliet Arsenal, Bethlehem Steel, possibly othersġ15,000 pounds (52,163 kilograms) (M1895)ģ5 calibers (442.56 inches 11.241 meters)ġ,070 pounds (490 kg) AP shot & shell 12-inch M1895 coastal defense gun being fired by lanyard